Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) Protein

Background

ADH1B encodes the beta subunit of class I ADH enzymes, which are highly active in the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. This subunit is particularly important in liver and stomach tissues, where alcohol metabolism is initiated. Polymorphisms in the ADH1B gene, such as the ADH1B2 and ADH1B3 variants, are known to significantly alter enzyme activity. These variants exhibit faster ethanol oxidation rates and are associated with reduced risks of alcohol dependence and increased susceptibility to alcohol-induced flushing. ADH1B also participates in the metabolism of other alcohols and aldehydes, influencing various physiological and pathological processes. Its role in retinol metabolism connects it to pathways involved in vision and cell differentiation. Dysregulation of ADH1B activity has implications for alcohol-related liver diseases and certain cancers, particularly those of the gastrointestinal tract, where acetaldehyde accumulation is a risk factor.