Human Albumin (ALB) Protein

Background

Albumin or ALB, is a protein synthesized by the liver and is the most abundant protein in human blood plasma, comprising about 55% to 60% of total plasma protein by weight. It plays several critical roles: Osmotic regulation: Albumin contributes significantly to the oncotic pressure of blood, which helps maintain the balance of fluid distribution between the bloodstream and tissues. This osmotic pressure is crucial for preventing fluid leakage from blood vessels into surrounding tissues. Transportation: Albumin serves as a carrier protein, transporting various substances in the blood, including hormones, fatty acids, bilirubin, calcium, and drugs. By binding to these molecules, albumin helps solubilize them and transport them efficiently throughout the body. Buffering: Albumin acts as a buffer in the blood, helping to maintain pH balance by binding to acidic and basic compounds.Antioxidant: Albumin possesses antioxidant properties and plays a role in scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage.Because of its multiple functions, alterations in albumin levels can indicate various health conditions. Low albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) can be seen in liver disease, kidney disease, malnutrition, inflammation, and certain chronic conditions. Conversely, high albumin levels (hyperalbuminemia) are less common but can occur in conditions such as dehydration or during recovery from burns.