Human Aflatoxin B1 Aldehyde Reductase Member 2 (AKR7A2) Enzyme

Background

AKR7A2 is a member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily that plays a central role in detoxifying harmful aldehydes, including those generated from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and environmental toxins. It specifically reduces aflatoxin B1-dialdehyde, a highly toxic metabolite produced from aflatoxin exposure, into its less reactive alcohol form, protecting cells from aflatoxin-induced damage. AKR7A2 is highly expressed in the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract, where it safeguards against toxic metabolites arising from dietary toxins, such as aflatoxins, and endogenous lipid peroxidation products like 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). It is also involved in detoxifying aldehydes produced during ethanol metabolism, linking it to alcohol-induced liver injury prevention. AKR7A2 has antioxidant properties that help maintain cellular redox balance under oxidative stress. Dysregulation of AKR7A2 can lead to increased susceptibility to aflatoxin-induced liver carcinogenesis, as inefficient detoxification exacerbates DNA damage and mutagenesis. Recent studies highlight its potential as a protective factor against environmental toxins and as a therapeutic target for liver disease prevention.