Human Adenylate Kinase 1 (AK1) Enzyme

Background

AK1 is a cytosolic enzyme that plays a critical role in cellular energy homeostasis by catalyzing the reversible transfer of a phosphate group between ADP molecules to form ATP and AMP. Highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle, AK1 facilitates rapid ATP turnover, essential for high-energy-consuming tissues. AK1 mutations are associated with myopathies, hemolytic anemia, and impaired energy metabolism. Its function is critical in maintaining the ATP/ADP ratio during stress and exercise, supporting glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. AK1 is also involved in signaling pathways related to cellular stress responses and proliferation. Studies have shown its role in modulating metabolic responses during hypoxia.