Human Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule / CD166 (ALCAM) Protein

Background

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166, is a cell surface glycoprotein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It plays a significant role in cell-cell adhesion and signaling processes, particularly in the immune system and in various developmental processes. ALCAM is widely expressed in various tissues and cell types, including leukocytes, endothelial cells, neurons, and cancer cells. Its functions include: Cell-Cell Adhesion: ALCAM mediates homophilic (like-to-like) and heterophilic (different molecules) interactions between cells. It facilitates the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells, which is essential for immune cell recruitment to sites of inflammation and in the immune response. Neuronal Development: ALCAM is involved in neuronal migration, axon growth, and guidance during brain development. It helps regulate the formation of neural circuits and synaptic connections. Cancer Progression: ALCAM expression has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. It can promote tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis by enhancing cell adhesion and facilitating interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment.Stem Cell Maintenance: ALCAM is involved in the maintenance and regulation of stem cell populations in various tissues. It plays a role in stem cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation.