Human Acetyl Coenzyme A Acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) Protein

Background

ACAT2 is a cytosolic enzyme that is primarily expressed in the liver and intestine and is responsible for the esterification of cholesterol with long-chain fatty acids to form cholesteryl esters, which are then incorporated into lipoproteins such as very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons. Unlike ACAT1, which is involved in mitochondrial ketone metabolism, ACAT2 plays a pivotal role in cholesterol homeostasis and lipid transport. It is essential for the packaging of cholesterol for transport through the bloodstream and is therefore crucial for maintaining lipid balance. Dysregulation of ACAT2 activity is associated with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, as increased cholesteryl ester formation can contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Targeting ACAT2 has been explored as a potential therapeutic approach for reducing cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease risk.