Human ABL Interactor 1 (ABI1) Protein

Background

ABI1, also known as ABL Interactor 1, is a cytoplasmic protein that plays a role in regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell signaling pathways. It contains several functional domains, including a proline-rich region, a Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, and a C-terminal domain. These domains enable ABI1 to interact with various binding partners and participate in multiple cellular processes. ABI1 regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics by interacting with actin-binding proteins and signaling molecules. It modulates actin polymerization and cytoskeletal rearrangements, which are essential for cell migration, adhesion, and morphogenesis.ABI1 acts as an adaptor protein that links cell surface receptors to intracellular signaling pathways. Through its SH3 and SH2 domains, ABI1 interacts with proteins such as ABL kinases, which regulate signaling cascades involved in cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Dysregulation of ABI1 expression or function has been associated with cancer progression. ABI1 can act as a tumor suppressor or oncogene depending on the context. Aberrant expression of ABI1 may promote cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis through its effects on actin dynamics and signaling pathways. ABI1 mutations have also been linked to neurological disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities. Altered ABI1 function may disrupt neuronal development and synaptic plasticity, contributing to the pathogenesis of these conditions.