Glucagon Receptor (GCGR) Antibody

Background

GCGR is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by glucagon, a hormone secreted by pancreatic α-cells during fasting to maintain blood glucose levels. GCGR is predominantly expressed in the liver, where its activation stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, increasing glucose production to prevent hypoglycemia. GCGR signaling activates the cAMP/PKA pathway, leading to the mobilization of glucose stores and fatty acid oxidation. Beyond its role in glucose homeostasis, GCGR is involved in lipid metabolism, ketogenesis, and energy balance. Dysregulation of GCGR contributes to hyperglycemia in conditions such as type 2 diabetes, where elevated glucagon levels exacerbate glucose production. GCGR is also expressed in extrahepatic tissues like the heart and kidney, where it plays roles in cardiovascular function and energy expenditure. GCGR antagonists are being developed as therapeutic strategies to reduce hepatic glucose output and improve glycemic control in diabetes. Additionally, GCGR agonism has been explored for weight loss and fatty liver disease due to its effects on energy balance. GCGR is a central regulator of glucose and energy metabolism, making it a key target for metabolic disease treatment.