Galanin Receptor Type 1 (GALR1) Antibody

Background

GALR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds the neuropeptide galanin, mediating inhibitory signaling through coupling to Gi/o proteins. This interaction reduces intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and modulates potassium and calcium channels, resulting in neuronal hyperpolarization and inhibition of neurotransmitter release. GALR1 is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and spinal cord, where it regulates processes like pain modulation, mood regulation, and feeding behavior. In pain pathways, GALR1 activation suppresses nociceptive transmission, providing antinociceptive effects. GALR1 also exhibits neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, by reducing excitotoxicity. In cancer, GALR1 acts as a tumor suppressor, particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, where its activation inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Dysregulation of GALR1 signaling is associated with mood disorders, including depression and anxiety, where impaired inhibitory signaling contributes to emotional imbalance. Its role in pain modulation, neuroprotection, and tumor suppression positions GALR1 as a promising therapeutic target for neurological disorders, pain management, and cancer therapy.