BH3-Interacting Domain Death Agonist (BID) Protein

Background

BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID) is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that plays a crucial role in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis BID contains a BH3 domain that enables it to interact with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, promoting apoptosis in response to various stress signals When activated, BID undergoes proteolytic cleavage, resulting in the generation of a truncated form, tBID, which translocates to the mitochondria and triggers the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial membrane This release activates the caspase cascade, leading to cell death BID is critical in the cellular response to DNA damage, oxidative stress, and death receptor signaling It also plays a role in immune cell homeostasis, particularly in regulating the survival of T-cells and the elimination of damaged or infected cells BID’s involvement in apoptosis has made it a significant focus in cancer research, where its activity can be modulated to promote tumor cell death Additionally, BID’s role in maintaining cellular integrity under stress underscores its importance in preventing disease progression and maintaining healthy tissue turnover