Apoptosis-Inducing Factor, Mitochondrion-Associated, 1 Protein

Background

AIFM1 is a key mitochondrial protein that mediates caspase-independent apoptosis while also playing essential roles in mitochondrial energy metabolism. Located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, AIFM1 translocates to the nucleus in response to apoptotic stimuli, where it induces chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation. This translocation is triggered by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during cellular stress. Beyond its apoptotic function, AIFM1 is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial respiratory chain integrity and supporting cellular energy homeostasis. Mutations in the AIFM1 gene have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders and mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, highlighting its dual role in apoptosis and bioenergetics. Its regulation and activity are critical for cellular fate, as dysregulation can lead to either excessive apoptosis, contributing to degenerative diseases, or impaired apoptosis, facilitating cancer progression.