AHCTF1 - AT-hook containing transcription factor 1 | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background

AT-hook containing transcription factor 1 (AHCTF1) is a protein encoded by the AHCTF1 gene, known to play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression. The protein contains AT-hook motifs, which are DNA-binding domains that preferentially bind to AT-rich regions of DNA. This binding activity influences the chromatin structure and thereby regulates the transcriptional activity of various genes. AHCTF1 is implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, development, and differentiation. It has been identified in multiple species, indicating its evolutionary conservation and essential biological functions.

Protein Structure

• Molecular Weight: AHCTF1 is a large protein with a molecular weight of approximately 270 kDa.
• Domains: The protein is characterized by the presence of multiple AT-hook motifs, which are small DNA-binding domains. These motifs are essential for its interaction with AT-rich regions of the DNA, influencing chromatin architecture.
• Nuclear Localization: AHCTF1 predominantly localizes in the nucleus, consistent with its role in regulating gene expression.

Classification and Subtypes

• Family: AHCTF1 belongs to the family of AT-hook transcription factors, which are characterized by their ability to bind to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA sequences.
• Isoforms: Alternative splicing of the AHCTF1 gene may give rise to different isoforms, which can have distinct functional roles within the cell.

Function and Biological Significance

• Gene Regulation: AHCTF1 plays a critical role in modulating the expression of genes involved in cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation.
• Chromatin Remodeling: By binding to AT-rich regions, AHCTF1 influences the chromatin structure, making it more or less accessible for transcription machinery.
• Developmental Processes: It is involved in various developmental processes, ensuring the proper expression of genes necessary for growth and differentiation.
• Cell Cycle Control: AHCTF1 has been implicated in the regulation of the cell cycle, ensuring that cells progress through different stages in a controlled manner.

Clinical Issues

• Cancer: Dysregulation or mutations in the AHCTF1 gene have been associated with various cancers. Its role in gene regulation and cell cycle control makes it a critical factor in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Abnormal AHCTF1 activity can lead to unchecked cell proliferation and tumor development.
• Genetic Disorders: Mutations in the AHCTF1 gene may also contribute to developmental disorders, although specific conditions directly linked to AHCTF1 mutations are still under investigation.

Summary

AHCTF1 is a pivotal transcription factor characterized by its AT-hook DNA-binding motifs, which allow it to regulate gene expression by influencing chromatin structure. It plays essential roles in cellular processes such as growth, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Given its significant impact on gene regulation, AHCTF1 is implicated in various cancers and potentially other genetic disorders. Understanding the mechanisms of AHCTF1 function and regulation is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with its dysregulation.