Rat Integrin Alpha 1 (ITGa1) Protein

Background

Integrin subunit alpha 1 (ITGA1) is a member of the integrin family, a group of transmembrane receptors involved in cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion and cell-cell interactions. Integrins are heterodimeric molecules composed of an alpha and beta subunit that combine to form functional receptors. These receptors are critical for mediating cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and signal transduction across the plasma membrane. ITGA1, specifically, pairs with integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) to form the α1β1 integrin, which primarily serves as a receptor for collagen and laminin in the extracellular matrix. The ITGA1 gene, located on chromosome 5q11.2, encodes the alpha 1 subunit, which is involved in binding to collagen types I and IV. This binding plays a significant role in the regulation of cellular responses such as matrix remodeling, wound healing, inflammation, and cell differentiation. ITGA1 expression is found across various tissues, including the kidney, liver, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, reflecting its diverse physiological functions. Additionally, ITGA1 has emerged as an important player in tumor biology, where it can influence cancer cell adhesion, invasion, and metastasis.