Protein AMBP (AMBP) Protein

Background

Alpha-1-Microglobulin-Bikunin Precursor (AMBP) encodes a precursor protein that generates two distinct products: alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) and bikunin. Alpha-1-microglobulin is a small glycoprotein with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, primarily involved in scavenging free heme and protecting tissues from oxidative stress and protein damage. It also binds and removes oxidized molecules, maintaining cellular homeostasis. Bikunin, on the other hand, is a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor that regulates serine proteases, playing a key role in controlling inflammation and extracellular matrix stabilization. As part of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor family, bikunin contributes to tissue repair and proteolytic balance. Both proteins are primarily produced in the liver and circulate in the blood, fulfilling complementary functions in tissue protection and repair. Dysregulation of AMBP expression has been implicated in liver diseases, chronic inflammation, and cancer, where disruptions in antioxidant defense, protease regulation, and extracellular matrix stability contribute to disease progression, highlighting its importance in maintaining physiological homeostasis.