Mouse Alanine--TRNA Ligase, Cytoplasmic (AARS1) Protein

Background

Alanine-tRNA ligase, encoded by the genes AARS1 (cytoplasmic) and AARS2 (mitochondrial), is a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) family. These enzymes are crucial for protein synthesis, catalyzing the attachment of alanine to its corresponding tRNA (tRNA^Ala) in a process known as tRNA aminoacylation. This reaction is an essential step in the translation process, ensuring accurate incorporation of alanine into nascent polypeptides according to the genetic code.AARS1 functions in the cytoplasm and is involved in general protein synthesis and AARS2 operates in mitochondria, where it is critical for mitochondrial protein synthesis, essential for maintaining respiratory chain function.The genes encoding these enzymes are conserved across species, reflecting their indispensable role in cellular physiology. Mutations in these genes are associated with various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cancer.