HVEM Protein

Background

TNFRSF14, also known as herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). Expressed broadly on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, TNFRSF14 is a transmembrane receptor involved in regulating immune responses. It is a critical component in balancing immune activation and suppression, particularly in T cell regulation, innate immunity, and inflammation. TNFRSF14 interacts with several ligands, including LIGHT (TNFSF14), BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator), and CD160, which engage the receptor in activating or inhibitory roles depending on the context. Due to its role in immune regulation, TNFRSF14 is significant in autoimmune diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases. For example, in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, TNFRSF14 signaling can contribute to disease pathology through immune cell activation and inflammation. In oncology, TNFRSF14 can act as an immune checkpoint, modulating anti-tumor immunity, making it a target for potential immunotherapy interventions.