Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor receptor-1 D1-3 (FLT1 D3) Enzyme

Background

Fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1) FLT1, also known as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that binds vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and placental growth factor (PlGF). FLT1 plays a crucial role in angiogenesis, vascular development, and inflammation by regulating endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Structurally, FLT1 consists of an extracellular ligand-binding domain with seven immunoglobulin-like loops, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular kinase domain. FLT1 can function as a signaling receptor or a decoy receptor, depending on its membrane-bound or soluble isoforms, modulating VEGF availability and signaling intensity. It is highly expressed in endothelial cells and trophoblasts, contributing to processes such as placental development and vascular remodeling. Dysregulation of FLT1 is implicated in pathological conditions, including cancer, where it promotes tumor angiogenesis, and preeclampsia, where excessive FLT1 activity leads to impaired placental and vascular function. Its dual role as a regulator of VEGF signaling and a therapeutic target underscores its importance in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis.