Human Transferrin Receptor Protein 1 / CD71 (TFRC) Protein

Background

TFRC, also known as CD71, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates the uptake of transferrin-bound iron into cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. It plays a crucial role in iron homeostasis, as iron is essential for processes like DNA synthesis, oxygen transport, and energy metabolism. TFRC expression is tightly regulated by cellular iron levels, proliferative demand, and hypoxia, with high expression observed in rapidly dividing cells, such as activated lymphocytes, erythroid progenitors, and cancer cells. Its overexpression is frequently observed in tumors, where increased iron uptake supports cancer cell proliferation and survival. TFRC is also involved in immune regulation and erythropoiesis, with its deficiency leading to anemia, impaired cell growth, and compromised immune responses. Targeting TFRC is being explored in cancer therapy as a mechanism for selective drug delivery and iron deprivation. Knockdown studies show impaired iron metabolism, reduced cell proliferation, and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, emphasizing its central role in cellular growth, iron transport, and metabolic regulation.