Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) Protein

Background

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) is a crucial regulator of the extrinsic coagulation cascade, primarily inhibiting the tissue factor (TF)-factor VIIa complex and factor Xa to maintain hemostasis and prevent excessive thrombosis. It is a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, produced mainly by endothelial cells, and circulates bound to lipoproteins or as a free plasma protein. TFPI acts as a feedback inhibitor that ensures balanced thrombin generation, thereby reducing the risk of pathological clot formation. Dysregulation or deficiency in TFPI has been linked to thrombotic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Beyond its anticoagulant role, TFPI exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, reducing vascular inflammation and protecting against atherosclerosis. It is also involved in angiogenesis and endothelial cell function, making it significant in vascular biology.