Human Semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A) Protein

Background

Semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A) is a membrane-associated protein that belongs to the semaphorin family, a group of proteins widely recognized for their roles in axon guidance, immune response, and cellular signaling. Semaphorins, initially identified as axon-guidance molecules, are now understood to function across a variety of biological systems, impacting cell-cell interactions, cell migration, and immune cell regulation. SEMA7A, also referred to as CD108, is distinct from other semaphorins due to its glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchorage, allowing it to localize on the cell surface and interact with various receptors. SEMA7A is broadly expressed in a range of tissues, including the nervous system, immune cells, skin, and certain cancer types. It is known to participate in axonal guidance, immune regulation, bone development, and pathological conditions, such as tumorigenesis and fibrotic diseases. One of its key functions is promoting axonal outgrowth and guiding neural connections, mediated through its interactions with integrins and other receptors. Furthermore, SEMA7A is actively involved in inflammatory and immune responses, modulating immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. This diversity in function makes SEMA7A a molecule of interest in fields ranging from neurobiology to immunology and oncology.