Human Semaphorin-4D (SEMA4D) Protein

Background

SEMA4D, also known as CD100, is a member of the semaphorin family, a group of proteins primarily involved in axonal guidance during neural development. SEMA4D was initially identified for its role in the nervous system, where it facilitates signaling for axonal growth and directionality. It is now known to have significant functions beyond neural tissue, impacting immune system responses, vascular biology, and cancer. By interacting with various receptor families, SEMA4D modulates cell-cell communication, cell migration, angiogenesis, and immune activation. In the immune system, SEMA4D is found on T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells, where it regulates immune responses by influencing cell adhesion, migration, and cytokine production. It has also become a molecule of interest in oncology, given its role in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. SEMA4D is overexpressed in several cancer types, and its inhibition has shown promising results in reducing tumor growth and spread. Additionally, SEMA4D's involvement in blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) through its effects on endothelial cells and pericytes further highlights its importance in cancer biology and therapeutic potential.