Human Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich Type 1 Protein M130 (CD163) Protein

Background

CD163, also known as the hemoglobin scavenger receptor, is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed primarily on the surface of monocytes and macrophages. Encoded by the CD163 gene on chromosome 12 in humans, CD163 functions as a receptor for the haptoglobin-hemoglobin (Hp-Hb) complex. It is critical in scavenging free hemoglobin (Hb) released during red blood cell breakdown, thus protecting tissues from oxidative damage and inflammation due to free hemoglobin. Additionally, CD163 is part of the cysteine-rich scavenger receptor family and plays an important role in immune modulation, inflammation resolution, and tissue remodeling. Through its function as an anti-inflammatory receptor, CD163 contributes to the regulation of immune responses, often acting as a “sensor” for inflammatory conditions. When inflammation is detected, CD163-expressing cells can trigger responses that help protect tissues, making this molecule an essential component in maintaining immune homeostasis and limiting excessive immune reactions.