Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Z (PTPRZ) Protein

Background

PTPRZ1, also known as RPTPζ, is a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase highly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in glial cells and neurons. Structurally, PTPRZ1 consists of extracellular carbonic anhydrase-like and fibronectin type III domains, a single transmembrane domain, and two intracellular phosphatase domains. PTPRZ1 regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, particularly in the context of neural development and repair. It acts as a receptor for pleiotrophin and midkine, growth factors involved in neuroprotection and neural plasticity. PTPRZ1 is crucial for maintaining oligodendrocyte function and myelination in the CNS. Dysregulation or overexpression of PTPRZ1 is associated with glioblastomas, where it promotes cell migration and survival. It is also implicated in neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia due to its role in synaptic regulation and plasticity. PTPRZ1’s multifunctionality underscores its significance in neural development, repair, and tumor biology.