Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type G (PTPRG) Protein

Background

PTPRG is a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase that plays a key role in tumor suppression, immune regulation, and nervous system development. Structurally, PTPRG contains extracellular carbonic anhydrase-like and fibronectin type III domains, a transmembrane region, and two cytoplasmic phosphatase domains. PTPRG is expressed in various tissues, particularly in the brain and immune system. It regulates cellular signaling by dephosphorylating receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), thereby influencing cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration. PTPRG has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in cancers such as lung, breast, and colorectal cancers. In addition, its involvement in synaptic plasticity and neuronal repair highlights its significance in neurobiology. Loss of PTPRG expression through methylation or mutations contributes to tumorigenesis and neurological disorders.