Human Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing Protein 1 (NOD1) Protein

Background

NOD1 (Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1) is an intracellular protein involved in the immune response, particularly in the recognition of bacterial pathogens. It is a member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family and plays a crucial role in activating innate immunity. NOD1 detects specific bacterial peptidoglycan fragments, triggering a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and other inflammatory pathways. This process results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that help recruit immune cells to the site of infection. NOD1's role in inflammation also links it to various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), atherosclerosis, and other conditions where immune system dysregulation is evident. NOD1 has also been implicated in cancer biology due to its influence on tumor-promoting inflammatory responses.