Human Muellerian-Inhibiting Factor (AMH) Protein

Background

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian-inhibiting factor (MIF), is a protein hormone that plays a critical role in the development of the reproductive system, particularly in males. It is produced by cells within the testes called Sertoli cells, as well as by granulosa cells in the ovaries of females. During fetal development in males, AMH is secreted by the Sertoli cells and functions to inhibit the development of the Müllerian ducts, which are precursor structures for female reproductive organs such as the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina. By suppressing the development of these Müllerian structures, AMH helps promote the formation of male reproductive organs, including the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles. In females, AMH is also produced by granulosa cells within ovarian follicles, but its role is different. In females, AMH levels are highest during early follicular development and decline as follicles mature. AMH is involved in regulating the growth and development of ovarian follicles and has been used as a marker of ovarian reserve, which refers to the number and quality of a woman's remaining eggs