Human Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Subfamily A Member 1 (LILRA1) Protein

Background

Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor A1 (LILRA1), also known as CD85i, is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) family, specifically the activating receptors. LILRs are primarily expressed on immune cells and contribute to immune response regulation. The LILR gene family is located on chromosome 19q13.4 and includes both activating (LILRA) and inhibitory (LILRB) receptors, which together modulate immune responses to maintain a balance between activating and inhibitory signals. LILRA1 is an activating receptor and is most abundantly expressed on myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and certain dendritic cells. The receptor is also present on neutrophils and some lymphocyte populations. It is known to play a role in recognizing various ligands, including MHC class I molecules, although the exact ligand specificity of LILRA1 remains incompletely defined. The interaction between LILRA1 and its ligands triggers downstream signaling pathways, leading to enhanced immune responses, such as cytokine production and increased cell activation. Because of its role in immune activation, LILRA1 has been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including infection, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases.