Human Interleukin 28B (IL28B) Protein

Background

Interferon Lambda 3 (IFNL3), also known as IL-28B, is a cytokine that belongs to the Type III interferon family, which plays a critical role in the innate immune system, particularly in antiviral defense. IFNL3, like other Type III interferons, activates signaling pathways that result in the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), creating an antiviral state within cells. IFNL3 primarily targets epithelial cells, such as those lining the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and liver, which are common entry points for viral infections. The discovery of IFNL3 and its genetic variations has been of significant interest, especially due to its role in the treatment and clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Genetic polymorphisms in the IFNL3 gene are strong predictors of treatment response in HCV patients, influencing outcomes of both spontaneous viral clearance and antiviral therapy. This connection has made IFNL3 a focus of research in viral infections, where immune response to chronic infections is crucial.