Human Interleukin-27 Subunit Alpha (IL27) Protein

Background

Interleukin 27 (IL27) is a heterodimeric cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 cytokine family and plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses. IL-27 is produced primarily by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes, following activation by various pathogen-associated signals. Its primary function is to modulate T cell responses, particularly by promoting the differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1) cells while simultaneously limiting excessive inflammatory responses through immune suppression. This dual role positions IL-27 as a key regulator of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses. IL-27 is composed of two distinct subunits: EBI3 (Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3) and p28, which together form the functional cytokine. IL-27 signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of IL-27R (WSX-1) and gp130, activating a range of signaling pathways that control immune function, including the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway.