Human Interleukin 12, p40 (IL12, p40) Protein

Background

Interleukin 12A (IL12A) is a subunit of the heterodimeric cytokine interleukin-12, which plays a pivotal role in the immune system by bridging innate and adaptive immunity. IL12A, also known as IL-12p35, pairs with the IL12B subunit (IL-12p40) to form the active cytokine IL-12, which is essential for inducing T-helper 1 (Th1) immune responses. IL12A is produced by activated antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, in response to infections or immune challenges. It functions by stimulating natural killer (NK) cells and CD4+ T-cells to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a cytokine critical for pathogen clearance and enhancing cytotoxic activities. Dysregulation of IL12A expression has been associated with autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and cancer. Therapeutic strategies targeting IL12A, including IL-12 inhibitors or engineered cytokines, are being explored for managing these conditions and for enhancing anti-tumor immune responses.