Human Interleukin 1 Receptor Type I (IL1R1) Protein

Background

IL1R1 is a transmembrane receptor that belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family and plays a central role in mediating pro-inflammatory signaling IL1R1 binds to interleukin-1α (IL-1α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), forming a receptor complex with the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) to initiate downstream signaling Upon ligand binding, IL1R1 activates intracellular pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), leading to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules IL1R1 is expressed on various immune and non-immune cells, including macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells, where it mediates immune responses to infection, injury, and inflammation Dysregulation of IL1R1 signaling is implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus IL1R1 is also a target for anti-inflammatory therapies, including drugs like anakinra, which block IL-1 binding to reduce inflammation and disease progression