Human Integrin Beta-2 (ITGB2) Protein

Background

ITGB2, or integrin subunit beta 2, is a protein that plays a central role in leukocyte adhesion and signaling, facilitating the immune system's response to infections and inflammation. ITGB2, also known as CD18, is part of the integrin family, which consists of transmembrane receptors involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Integrins are heterodimeric proteins formed by the association of alpha (α) and beta (β) subunits. In particular, ITGB2 pairs with various alpha integrin subunits to form key receptors known as beta-2 integrins. Beta-2 integrins are primarily expressed on leukocytes (white blood cells) and are essential for mediating cell adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, and immune surveillance. The four major integrins that involve ITGB2 are LFA-1 (αLβ2, CD11a/CD18), Mac-1 (αMβ2, CD11b/CD18), gp150/95 (αXβ2, CD11c/CD18), and αDβ2 (CD11d/CD18). These integrins are vital for the immune system's ability to respond to infections and regulate inflammation.