Human Integrin Alpha 2 (ITGa2) Protein

Background

Integrin subunit alpha 2 (ITGA2) is part of the integrin family, a group of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors composed of alpha and beta subunits. These receptors are critical for cell-ECM (extracellular matrix) interactions and cell-cell adhesion, with a wide variety of biological processes such as cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and signal transduction. ITGA2 forms a dimer with integrin beta 1 (ITGB1), giving rise to the α2β1 integrin, also known as the collagen receptor. This receptor specifically binds to collagen and laminin in the ECM, playing a crucial role in mediating cellular adhesion to collagen fibers in tissues. The ITGA2 gene, located on chromosome 5q11.2, encodes the alpha 2 integrin subunit. ITGA2 is expressed in various cell types, including epithelial cells, platelets, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Its activity is essential in processes such as wound healing, angiogenesis, hemostasis, and the maintenance of tissue integrity. Additionally, α2β1 integrin has significant involvement in tumor biology, where it modulates cancer cell invasion and metastasis by interacting with the ECM.