Human Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHSR) Protein

Background

GHSR, also known as the ghrelin receptor, is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the peptide hormone ghrelin, which regulates appetite, energy homeostasis, and growth hormone release. GHSR is widely expressed in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and peripheral tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract, where it modulates metabolic and endocrine functions. Activation of GHSR by ghrelin stimulates the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland and promotes hunger by activating hypothalamic pathways, including the AgRP/NPY neurons. In addition to its role in appetite regulation, GHSR influences glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular function. Dysregulation of GHSR signaling is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic disorders, where impaired ghrelin signaling contributes to energy imbalance and insulin resistance. In neurobiology, GHSR has neuroprotective effects, enhancing cognitive function and reducing neuroinflammation. GHSR antagonists and agonists are being explored for therapeutic applications in obesity, cachexia, and neurological disorders, positioning it as a critical regulator of metabolism and growth hormone signaling.