Human Glycophorin-C (GYPC) Protein

Background

Glycophorin C (GYPC) is a membrane glycoprotein found primarily on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). It is a member of the glycophorin family, which includes Glycophorin A (GYPA) and Glycophorin B (GYPB). GYPC plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of the RBC membrane and contributes to the MNS blood group system. The protein is encoded by the GYPC gene located on chromosome 2. Along with its homologs GYPA and GYPB, GYPC is involved in defining RBC membrane characteristics, including cell shape, flexibility, and interactions with the cytoskeleton. GYPC, specifically, is known to carry the M and N antigens of the MNS blood group system, which are significant in transfusion medicine. In addition to its structural function in the RBC membrane, GYPC plays a role in the function of the erythrocyte by interacting with various signaling molecules and maintaining the membrane's elasticity and resistance to mechanical stresses. Its functional importance in RBCs, as well as its potential relevance in certain disease states, makes it a significant protein in both clinical and biological research.