Human Glutamate Receptor, Metabotropic 1 (GRM1) Protein

Background

GRM1, also known as mGluR1, is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that belongs to the Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. It is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and cortex, where it regulates excitatory neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and intracellular calcium signaling. GRM1 couples to Gq proteins, activating phospholipase C (PLC) and triggering the release of intracellular calcium. It plays a critical role in motor coordination, learning, and memory. Dysregulation of GRM1 has been linked to neurological disorders, including cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington’s disease. In cancer, GRM1 overexpression has been implicated in melanoma progression, where it enhances cell proliferation and survival. GRM1 antagonists are being explored for treating neurological disorders, chronic pain, and cancer, as targeting its signaling pathways can modulate excitatory transmission and cellular growth.