Human Cluster of Differentiation 226 (CD226) Protein

Background

CD226, also known as DNAX Accessory Molecule-1 (DNAM-1), is a critical glycoprotein that plays a significant role in the immune system. It is encoded by the CD226 gene located on chromosome 18q22.3. This molecule is predominantly expressed on the surface of various immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, monocytes, and platelets. The expression of CD226 is crucial for the regulation and activation of immune responses against tumors and infections. CD226 was initially identified due to its involvement in the adhesion and activation of NK cells and T cells. Its significance has expanded to various immunological processes, including cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and immune cell signaling. The interaction of CD226 with its ligands, such as CD155 (PVR) and CD112 (Nectin-2), is vital for the mediation of immune responses.