Human Cell Adhesion Molecule 4 (CADM4) Protein

Background

CADM4, also known as SynCAM4 or nectin-like molecule 4 (Necl-4), is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and plays a critical role in cell-cell adhesion, particularly in epithelial and nervous tissues. It mediates both homophilic and heterophilic interactions, contributing to cellular polarity, tight junction formation, and signal transduction. CADM4 is expressed in a wide range of tissues, including the prostate, brain, and skin, where it is involved in maintaining epithelial integrity and regulating cell proliferation. Dysregulation of CADM4 is associated with tumorigenesis, as its downregulation has been observed in various cancers, including lung, prostate, and bladder cancers, suggesting its role as a tumor suppressor. It interacts with intracellular scaffolding proteins and cytoskeletal regulators, enabling its involvement in signaling pathways that influence cell migration and invasion. CADM4's extracellular domains mediate adhesion, while its intracellular domains anchor to cytoskeletal components, reinforcing its structural and signaling roles. Emerging research indicates that CADM4 may also influence immune responses and neuronal synaptic organization, highlighting its diverse functional significance.