Human Cell Adhesion Molecule 3 (CADM3) Protein

Background

CADM3, also known as SynCAM3 or nectin-like molecule 1 (Necl-1), is a neural cell adhesion molecule critical for axon-dendrite interactions, synaptic formation, and neural development. It is highly expressed in the nervous system, particularly in the brain, where it mediates the formation and maintenance of synaptic connections. CADM3 plays a crucial role in axon guidance and fasciculation, processes that are essential for proper neural circuit assembly during development. It facilitates both homophilic and heterophilic interactions with other adhesion molecules, contributing to the establishment of synaptic specificity and organization. CADM3 interacts with intracellular scaffolding proteins and signaling pathways to regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics and intracellular signaling. Mutations or altered expression of CADM3 have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and cognitive deficits, highlighting its importance in brain function. Structurally, CADM3 contains extracellular Ig-like domains responsible for its adhesive properties and intracellular domains that anchor to the cytoskeleton and signaling complexes. CADM3's functions extend beyond the nervous system, as it is also expressed in epithelial tissues, where it contributes to cellular polarity and adhesion. Its role in tumor suppression has been explored, with evidence suggesting that CADM3 downregulation enhances tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis.