Human CAMPATH-1 Antigen (CD52) Protein

Background

CD52 is a small glycoprotein predominantly expressed on the surface of mature lymphocytes (both T and B cells), monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and some epithelial cells of the reproductive system. The CD52 molecule plays an important role in regulating immune cell function, and its high expression on lymphocytes makes it a valuable therapeutic target in immunology and oncology, particularly in treatments for autoimmune diseases and certain types of leukemia, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The precise function of CD52 remains somewhat unclear, although it is believed to be involved in modulating immune responses and cellular interactions. CD52 is the target of the monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab, a treatment used in autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) and certain cancers like CLL. Alemtuzumab binds to CD52 on the surface of immune cells and triggers their destruction through immune-mediated mechanisms, leading to immunosuppression. This therapeutic aspect has drawn attention to the biological and clinical significance of the CD52 molecule.