Human Butyrophilin Subfamily 3 Member A2 (BTN3A2) Protein

Background

Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A2 (BTN3A2) is a protein belonging to the butyrophilin family, which is part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. BTN3A2 is widely expressed in various tissues and is primarily involved in modulating immune responses, particularly through its interactions with immune cells. It plays a key role in regulating T-cell activation and proliferation by acting as a co-stimulatory or inhibitory molecule in immune signaling pathways. This protein is also implicated in the regulation of γδ T cells, which are critical for tumor surveillance and immune responses at epithelial barriers. BTN3A2 is structurally characterized by extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular signaling domain. Its expression is often upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli, making it an area of interest in autoimmune disorders and cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies suggest that BTN3A2 may have a role in modulating responses to microbial infections and maintaining immune homeostasis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Further research is needed to clarify its molecular interactions and pathways, particularly in the context of disease pathogenesis and immune modulation.