Human Apolipoprotein M (APOM) Protein

Background

Apolipoprotein M (APOM) is a member of the apolipoprotein family primarily involved in lipid transport and metabolism. APOM is predominantly expressed in the liver and kidneys and is secreted into the plasma, where it associates mainly with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. APOM plays a key role in lipid homeostasis by transporting sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid mediator involved in immune response, vascular development, and endothelial barrier integrity. APOM also enhances the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of HDL, contributing to its atheroprotective function in cardiovascular health. Recent studies suggest that APOM regulates the S1P signaling pathway, which is crucial for lymphocyte trafficking, vascular permeability, and cell survival. Altered APOM levels have been observed in metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, highlighting its role as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Its involvement in the modulation of endothelial function, cholesterol efflux, and immune regulation underscores APOM's critical role in maintaining cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis. Ongoing research aims to explore APOM’s therapeutic potential, particularly in improving HDL functionality and S1P-based signaling for cardiovascular disease prevention.