Human Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) Protein

Background

ANO1, also known as TMEM16A, is a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) that plays a critical role in regulating chloride ion transport across membranes. It is widely expressed in epithelial cells, smooth muscle, and sensory neurons, where it regulates functions such as fluid secretion, smooth muscle contraction, and sensory transduction. ANO1 is essential for maintaining proper secretion of fluids and electrolytes in tissues such as the respiratory tract, salivary glands, and intestines. Dysregulation of ANO1 has been associated with diseases like cystic fibrosis, where chloride transport is impaired, as well as cancer, particularly in promoting tumor cell proliferation and migration. ANO1 also contributes to neuronal excitability and pain sensation, making it a potential therapeutic target in disorders involving abnormal ion transport and smooth muscle dysfunction.