Human Angiopoietin-Related Protein 3 (ANGPTL3) Protein

Background

ANGPTL3 is a secreted glycoprotein primarily expressed in the liver, where it plays a central role in regulating lipid metabolism. ANGPTL3 functions as an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and endothelial lipase (EL), leading to increased plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). It is a key regulator of systemic energy homeostasis, influencing lipid storage and transport under fasting and fed conditions. Genetic loss-of-function mutations in ANGPTL3 are associated with familial combined hypolipidemia, a condition characterized by significantly reduced levels of triglycerides, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, highlighting its critical role in lipid metabolism. ANGPTL3 is also implicated in cardiovascular diseases, where elevated levels are linked to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease due to lipid accumulation and vascular inflammation. In cancer, ANGPTL3 promotes tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by regulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Its role as a regulator of lipid metabolism and vascular biology makes ANGPTL3 a promising therapeutic target for treating hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and related metabolic disorders.