Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase 5 (Class III), Chi Polypeptide (ADH5) Protein

Background

ADH5, also known as formaldehyde dehydrogenase, is ubiquitously expressed and functions primarily in the detoxification of formaldehyde, a toxic metabolic byproduct. It catalyzes the oxidation of formaldehyde to formate, using glutathione as a cofactor, and plays a critical role in cellular defense against formaldehyde-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. ADH5 is less active in ethanol metabolism compared to other ADH enzymes but is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting against DNA and protein damage caused by aldehyde accumulation. Its ubiquitous expression highlights its systemic importance in detoxification pathways. Dysregulation of ADH5 is associated with increased susceptibility to formaldehyde-related toxicities and may contribute to cancer progression in tissues exposed to high levels of formaldehyde. Mutations or polymorphisms in ADH5 can impair detoxification efficiency, exacerbating cellular stress and damage.