Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1C (Class I), Gamma Polypeptide (ADH1C) Protein

Background

ADH1C encodes the gamma subunit of class I ADH enzymes, which functions alongside ADH1A and ADH1B in alcohol metabolism. It is highly expressed in the liver and stomach, contributing to the oxidation of ethanol and other alcohols. Genetic variants of ADH1C, such as ADH1C1 and ADH1C2, result in differing enzymatic activities, affecting alcohol elimination rates and acetaldehyde production. These differences are associated with variations in susceptibility to alcohol-related disorders, including liver disease, alcohol dependence, and cancer. In addition to ethanol metabolism, ADH1C plays a role in the processing of retinoids and steroids, highlighting its significance in cellular homeostasis and signaling. Dysregulation of ADH1C has been linked to increased acetaldehyde levels, contributing to oxidative stress and tissue damage, particularly in alcohol-related liver and gastric diseases. Its importance in metabolic and detoxification pathways makes it a critical enzyme in maintaining systemic balance.