Human Aflatoxin B1 Aldehyde Reductase Member 3 (AKR7A3) Enzyme

Background

AKR7A3 shares significant structural and functional similarity with AKR7A2 and is involved in detoxifying aflatoxin B1-derived reactive aldehydes and other toxic carbonyl compounds. It functions as a critical enzyme in aldehyde metabolism, protecting cells from the damaging effects of reactive aldehydes produced during oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and xenobiotic metabolism. AKR7A3 is expressed in the liver and gastrointestinal tissues, where it contributes to the defense against dietary toxins, including aflatoxins and other environmental carcinogens. Its ability to detoxify lipid peroxidation products like 4-HNE and malondialdehyde highlights its role in preventing oxidative stress-related cellular damage and carcinogenesis. AKR7A3 also plays a role in maintaining liver homeostasis and mitigating toxin-induced liver injury. Dysregulation or reduced expression of AKR7A3 can increase susceptibility to liver cancer and chronic liver diseases by promoting the accumulation of reactive aldehydes and subsequent DNA damage. Emerging research focuses on its potential as a biomarker for toxin exposure and a target for improving antioxidant defenses in liver-related disorders.