Human Adiponectin Receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) Protein

Background

The adiponectin receptor (ADIPOR) is a cell surface receptor that mediates the biological effects of adiponectin, a protein hormone secreted by adipose tissue. There are two known types of adiponectin receptors, named adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2). These receptors are encoded by the ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 genes, respectively. Adiponectin receptors belong to the class of seven-transmembrane domain receptors, also known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They have an extracellular N-terminus, seven transmembrane helices, and an intracellular C-terminus. ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 exhibit distinct tissue distribution and signal transduction mechanisms. Adiponectin receptors specifically bind to adiponectin, allowing the hormone to exert its effects on target cells. Adiponectin exists in different oligomeric forms, including trimeric, hexameric, and high-molecular-weight complexes, and can interact with both ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2. Activation of adiponectin receptors triggers intracellular signaling pathways that regulate various physiological processes, including glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory responses.