C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5) Antibody (PE)

Background

C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5) is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed on the surface of macrophages, monocytes, T lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. CCR5 is a key player in immune surveillance and inflammatory responses, binding chemokines such as CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL4 (MIP-1β), and CCL5 (RANTES) to mediate the chemotaxis and activation of immune cells. Importantly, CCR5 serves as a co-receptor for HIV-1 entry into host cells, making it a critical target in HIV/AIDS treatment. Individuals with a genetic CCR5Δ32 deletion exhibit resistance to HIV-1 infection, highlighting its role in viral pathogenesis. In addition to HIV, CCR5 contributes to immune responses in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, where excessive chemokine signaling drives inflammation and tissue damage. CCR5 is also implicated in cancer progression, facilitating the recruitment of immune suppressive cells and metastasis by enhancing tumor-immune interactions. Therapeutic interventions targeting CCR5 include CCR5 antagonists like maraviroc, approved for treating HIV-1, and emerging therapies for autoimmune diseases and cancers. Recent studies also link CCR5 to recovery from stroke and neuroinflammation, highlighting its diverse roles in immunity, infection, and disease progression. Continued research on CCR5 biology may expand its applications in antiviral therapy, immunotherapy, and inflammatory disease management.