Breast Cancer Susceptibility Protein 1 (BRCA1) Antibody

Background

BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor protein that plays a central role in maintaining genomic stability through its involvement in DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and transcriptional control. BRCA1 functions as part of the homologous recombination repair pathway, where it recognizes and repairs double-strand DNA breaks, ensuring genomic integrity during cell division. It forms complexes with other DNA repair proteins, including RAD51, BARD1, and BRCA2, to facilitate accurate repair processes. BRCA1 also regulates cell cycle checkpoints, particularly at the G2/M phase, to prevent the propagation of damaged DNA. It is widely expressed in proliferative tissues, including breast and ovarian tissue, where its loss or mutation is associated with increased susceptibility to breast, ovarian, and other cancers. Mutations in BRCA1 disrupt its DNA repair function, leading to chromosomal instability, accumulation of mutations, and tumorigenesis. BRCA1 also interacts with signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, and immune response, further highlighting its multifaceted role in cellular homeostasis. Knockout studies reveal defective DNA repair, increased tumorigenesis, and impaired cell cycle control, underscoring BRCA1’s critical function in DNA repair, tumor suppression, and genomic stability.